Population trends across the United States over the past decade and a half have revealed a remarkable shift: an increasing expansion in rural populations, particularly in the western states. While much attention is often given to urban growth, the quiet resurgence of rural communities offers an intriguing perspective on the evolving demographic landscape of the nation.
If we look at color county map of population change from 2010 to 2020 for the lower 48 states some patterns are readily apparent.
In the western United States, particularly along the Mountain West and Sunbelt regions, shades of blue dominate the map, signaling significant population growth. States like Texas, Arizona, and Utah stand out as epicenters of growth, driven by factors like job opportunities, a lower cost of living, and a high quality of life. The rise in population in these regions has been further fueled by migration from more expensive metropolitan areas.
On the other hand, the map’s shades of red indicate areas experiencing population decline. Much of this trend is concentrated in rural counties within the Midwest and Northeast, reflecting long-standing challenges such as economic stagnation and the exodus of younger generations to urban centers. These declines emphasize the economic and social shifts that have been reshaping these regions for decades.
The Southeastern United States presents a mixed pattern, with rapid growth in urban hubs like Atlanta and Charlotte, contrasted by population decreases in more rural counties. This divergence highlights the growing appeal of urban and suburban areas, which are increasingly becoming economic and cultural magnets.
Another notable trend is the stark population growth in metropolitan counties along the coasts, including parts of Florida and the Pacific Northwest. These regions benefit from economic diversification, attracting tech, healthcare, and logistics industries, alongside a desirable lifestyle that draws people seeking better opportunities and climate conditions.
Conversely, the Great Plains and parts of the Midwest showcase deep red tones, illustrating a steady population decline. Challenges such as the mechanization of agriculture, limited job opportunities, and aging populations have contributed to these trends.
Now let’s focus more specifically on the western United States, which is the subject of this article. Looking at the map below, which shows population growth from 2010 – 2020 there is a clear pattern of population growth in rural counties in the Intermountain West, specifically in Utah, Idaho, western Montana, eastern Oregon and Washington, Nevada, and Arizona.
The same patterns are present when looking at population change through 2022 as well, although to a somewhere lesser degree.
Here is a table of the 15 counties in the western United States (limited to counties with population greater than 5,000) with the largest percentage increase from the 2017 to 2022 Census Bureau ACS data.
These counties are highlighted with a light blue outline below so you can see the spatial distribution.
Key Drivers of Rural Growth in the West
From 2010 to 2023, many rural counties in the western United States experienced noticeable population increases, as shown in shades of blue on population change maps. These counties, often located in states like Idaho, Montana, and Utah, are benefiting from a combination of factors:
- Lifestyle Migration: The appeal of a quieter, more scenic lifestyle is drawing individuals and families away from congested urban areas. The pandemic accelerated this trend as remote work made living in rural areas more feasible for many professionals.
- Housing Affordability: The skyrocketing cost of living in major metropolitan hubs has pushed many to seek out more affordable housing options in rural regions. Areas near but not directly within booming cities like Boise and Salt Lake City are seeing spillover growth.
- Recreational and Natural Appeal: With stunning landscapes, access to outdoor activities, and a high quality of life, rural communities in the West are becoming attractive for retirees, young families, and adventurers.
- Economic Diversification: A growing number of rural areas are diversifying their economies, with industries such as tourism, renewable energy, and technology startups taking root in these communities.
Challenges and Opportunities
While rural population growth is a positive indicator for many western counties, it does not come without challenges. Rapid growth can strain local infrastructure, including schools, healthcare systems, and transportation networks, which may not have been designed to accommodate larger populations.
On the other hand, this growth presents opportunities for revitalization. Small towns with increasing populations can leverage this momentum to invest in local businesses, attract new industries, and build stronger communities.
Implications for Policymakers and Urban Planners
As the western United States experiences this rural expansion, policymakers and planners must strike a balance between preserving the natural beauty and character of these regions while accommodating growth. Sustainable development practices, smart land-use policies, and investments in renewable energy and infrastructure will be critical in ensuring these areas remain vibrant and resilient.
Conclusion
The increasing rural population in the western United States underscores a profound shift in demographic trends, driven by changing lifestyles and economic forces. By understanding and supporting this expansion, communities can harness these changes to create thriving, sustainable futures.